The metallic manganese on earth is rated as the 12th most abundant element in the lithosphere, estimated around 28.46x1018 tonnes or so i.e., 0.1087% by proportion of weight. Thus it almost becomes a scarce one, so far as its deposits are concerned. Industrially manganese metal is a vital component of steel and its major use is for metallurgical purpose.
The 96% of global production of manganese today is from barely 7 countries viz. CIS, RSA, Brazil, Gabon, Australia, China and India in decreasing order of tonnages raised annually. The global resource base is close to 12 billion tonnes including Indian reserve of about 240 million tonnes. Indian manganese ores are preferred by many as they are generally hard, lumpy and amenable to easy reduction. In the Indian continent, the deposition of manganese must have taken place in varying environmental settings and by different geological processes but the sedimentary mode of formation far outweighed other methods such as supergene enrichment etc. These manganese ores have been selectively exploited either for direct use or for sweetening the otherwise available phosphor-rich ores. Favourable geological and geomorphological settings, existing well connected rail and road links, easy amenability of ores to beneficiation and liberal Govt. policies make the exploitation of Indian manganese deposits practically a no risk proposition.
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